So in these communities work ability may not be equal, and if you want them to be equal, we need to pay more attention to the design of streets, pedestrian pathways, and public spaces. Next, please.
So if you don't do that, we have more problems. We know that in addition to other injuries, they may cause falls. Falls are most common among the other population, and they may cause being hospitalized, even they may cause deaths, and 45% of falls happen within the community. Next, please.
And when we look at the barriers in the community, measured by elderly and people with disabilities, we see that they're mostly around sidewalks and churches and we need to eliminate these barriers to provide full participation for a variety of ability and age levels. Next, please.
And when we look at ADA guidelines, what we have in hand , we see guidelines such as five square feet passing area every 200 feet 200', and among others, it may not actually be accommodating different users and different people within those guidelines, and this won't let two wheelchairs pass each other. It wouldn't let a wheelchair user to take a stroll with a friend with an able body, and it may even not let two ableed bodies walk together.
So actually, we may be creating obsticles more than helping. Next, please.
And when we look at to see if there's any regulations on curve pipes or level changes on drop-autographs or other things we see that we don't have any ADA guidelines on that. Travel distance has become really important with people with disabilities or elderly. Street width we mentioned, intersection design and street width, sorry, may actually cause or it has a lot of impact on traffic density and speed, but we don't have any regulations zero r guidelines on that. Timing of lights may be really important for people with low ability levels. Next, please.
So, if you could like to have communities for all, we have increase mobility, reduce fall risks and promote activity. Next, please.
And as we said, universal design with principles can create environments for all age levels. Next, please.
So what I'm going to do is go through each principle and show some of the examples on how we can adopt the universal design to the community design. Next, please.
When we look at the equitable use principle, we know that we can provide equivalent use for every users at the building scale and also for the transportation choices within the community. Next, please.
And, we can avoid segregated end-users. In this picture, it says that picnic area for handicapped only. Next, please.
And we didn't really segregate anyone. This picture shows a pedestrian walking, I think trying to cross six lane street in the middle of the cars, and when I said not segregate -- next, please.
Really not segregate anymore. Next, please.
That was from John Sanford, all of you! And we can translate it into spaces that are flexible, that can be used by different age and ability levels, and can be used at the same time for different users and used in a way that it would not require that much of an accuracy and precision. Next, please.
Inaudible -- can be translated really well. We'll see in the next slide. We really need to pay attention to be consistent with the expectations. In this picture, there is a sidewalk that is blocked by a tree, and there's a cutoff and then the sidewalk continues without any connection. Next, please.
And having signs and street names, we can eliminate complexity within the community. Next, please.
Having traffic lights for hearing impairments would also provide feedback during the task and would promote intuitive and simple use. Next, please.
When we talk about perceptible information, there are good implementations scattered in different communities and having crosswalks in different colors may help promoting a better perceptible information for people with low visual ability levels, and even having buildings with some kind of a sign for visually impaired people, this column actually tells the people with a low visual ability, say that this is the building that you arrived; okay? And when we looked at tolerance for error, we can arrange elements in a way to minimize errors. All around, we can see these examples. There's a sidewalk with -- inaudible -- and providing maintenance for the sidewalks that they provide would also do this, do for this principle. Next, please?
arranging intersections, providing a median on the streets would give a break to a person with a low ability level when crossing the streets. And also, narrower streets may reduce the traffic speed which would actually provide more safety for the people. And also the time for the pedestrian walk at the traffic lights. There are studies talking about that people with disabilities and elderly have difficulties crossing in the period of time that an able body would cross the street. Next, please.
Low physical efforts, let's look at the next slide. We don't do this. We try not to put stares in the way of the pup public spaces. Next, please.
But we can also make a person's life easier and spend a low effort. Think about a person living in those houses at the end and think about all the way that he has to travel to go and see the friend living in the apartments, to provide connective street network will help for the opportunities for a low physical effort. Next, please.
And the walking distance may be a little bit long for people with disabilities and elderly people, so providing shade and providing benches along the way may be helpful for the parks station in the community.
We can provide size and space for approach and use at the interface of building and sidewalks, but next, please?
In addition to that, we should also provide enough space for people to walk together as you see in these pictures, people with a different kind of wheelchairs and ablebodied people can walk together. Next, please?
Functional integration is also applicable to community design. Then we can have features compatible with the context and it is recorded as one of the items by elderly people that actually made them walk within the community. If it's pleasurable, they wanted to walk more and do their 30 minute daily activity. Next, please?
And if we can achieve all of these, actually we can enable engagement in activity its or we can actually help people to engage in activity its with whom and when they desire, so as a result, we can achieve turning walkability into mobility by universal design. Next, please?
And it's not -- can you go back? But it won't be that far away to turn not liveable xhun ut its to liveable communities by using the universal design principles. Well, thank you.
I have a question for all three of you. What are your recommendations about
this for people who are blind -- inaudible comment.