Assistant Professor of Landscape Architecture Michelle Franco’s article, “Invisible Labor: Precarity, Ethnic Division, and Transformative Representation in Landscape Architecture Work,” appears in Landscape Journal: Design, Planning, and Management of the Land, Volume 41, Number 1 (2022).

For designers concerned with social and spatial justice, it is necessary to expand the context of landscape work beyond a site’s physical and historic narratives to include the context and conditions of the people laboring at the site itself. This involves considering the devaluation of manual labor and the ethnic division of labor evident in the production of landscape architecture and naturalized through capitalism.

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